Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume : XII, Issue : IV, May - 2022

MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN HISTORICAL OTHMANS WELL AT AL-MADINAH AL-MUNAWARAH, KSA

Ahmed W. Almaghamsi, Shaza A. Qattan , Almoghera A. Alharbi, Fahad A. Al-Fassi and Abu-Bakr M. Gomaa

By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Saudi Arabia Kingdom (KSA) located in very harsh conditions region. As a subtropical desert country, it is regarded as one of the driest and hottest country on the earth. Saudi Arabia has no rivers or lakes and low average rainfall less than 100 mm/year.

Keywords :

• Othmans Well,
• Corresponding
• Historic Water Wells,
• Water Pollution,
• groundwater Potability,
• Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, KSA.

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References :

2. Al-Ibrahim, A.A. 1992. Excessive use of groundwater resources in Saudi Arabia: Impacts and policy options. AMBIO, 20: 34-37.
3. Al-Otaibi, A. and Abdel-Jawad, M. 2007. Water security for Kuwait. Desalination, 214(1-3): 299-305.‏
4. American Public Health Association (APHA) 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.‏17th ed. Washington, DC.

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