Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume : VI, Issue : IV, May - 2016

RICE CULTURE IN KASHMIR; GENESIS AND TECHNOLOGY

Abdul Waheed Bhat, None

DOI : 10.9780/22307850, By : Laxmi Book Publication

Abstract :

Rice is the most popular food crop of Kashmir. it has been described as ‘the only hope of people’s existence’. This article seeks to trace the genesis of this important crop and locate the time of its introduction, forces that promoted it and probable centers where from it traveled to Kashmir. The technology applied to raise rice is also covered in detail. So far as methodology to build up this paper is concerned, besides profuse primary & secondary written sources, we have taken help from strong archeological evidences, field work and participant observation. No less help has been taken from other disciplines by adopting interdisciplinary approach.

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1. This fact is corroborated by no less an authority than Walter R. Lawrence who keenly observed Kashmiri society for seven years in the late nineteenth century. He writes that much can be done to save life by introducing the cultivation of potato, turnip and carrot. 17
2. T.T Chang, The Origin, Evolution and Breeding of Cultivated Plants p. 29; ‘where and when and by whom rice was domesticated, in this vast area from India to China, remains to be determined’, J R Harlan, article ‘The Origin of the Cereal Agriculture in the Old World’, Origin of Agriculture, ed. By Charles A. Reed, p. 371.
3. Cultivators were always keen to procure best seeds. Thus whenever they had a chance to visit some new place they enquired about crops and tried to get the seeds. In certain cases, as told to this research student by the respondents, they procured seeds from a far off pilgrimage centre like Maadena in Sudia Arabia.
4. Walter R. Lawrence, The Valley of Kashmir, p. 24.
5. Randhawa, History of Agriculture in India, Vol. I. p. 271.
6. Randhawa, History of Agriculture in India, Vol. I. p. 271.
7. This fact is corroborated by no less an authority than Walter R. Lawrence who keenly observed Kashmiri society for seven years in the late nineteenth century. He writes that much can be done to save life by introducing the cultivation of potato, turnip and carrot. 17
8. T.T Chang, The Origin, Evolution and Breeding of Cultivated Plants p. 29; ‘where and when and by whom rice was domesticated, in this vast area from India to China, remains to be determined’, J R Harlan, article ‘The Origin of the Cereal Agriculture in the Old World’, Origin of Agriculture, ed. By Charles A. Reed, p. 371.
9. Cultivators were always keen to procure best seeds. Thus whenever they had a chance to visit some new place they enquired about crops and tried to get the seeds. In certain cases, as told to this research student by the respondents, they procured seeds from a far off pilgrimage centre like Maadena in Sudia Arabia.
10. Walter R. Lawrence, The Valley of Kashmir, p. 24.
11. Randhawa, History of Agriculture in India, Vol. I. p. 271.
12. This fact is corroborated by no less an authority than Walter R. Lawrence who keenly observed Kashmiri society for seven years in the late nineteenth century. He writes that much can be done to save life by introducing the cultivation of potato, turnip and carrot. 17
13. T.T Chang, The Origin, Evolution and Breeding of Cultivated Plants p. 29; ‘where and when and by whom rice was domesticated, in this vast area from India to China, remains to be determined’, J R Harlan, article ‘The Origin of the Cereal Agriculture in the Old World’, Origin of Agriculture, ed. By Charles A. Reed, p. 371.
14. Cultivators were always keen to procure best seeds. Thus whenever they had a chance to visit some new place they enquired about crops and tried to get the seeds. In certain cases, as told to this research student by the respondents, they procured seeds from a far off pilgrimage centre like Maadena in Sudia Arabia.
15. Walter R. Lawrence, The Valley of Kashmir, p. 24.
16. Cultivators were always keen to procure best seeds. Thus whenever they had a chance to visit some new place they enquired about crops and tried to get the seeds. In certain cases, as told to this research student by the respondents, they procured seeds from a far off pilgrimage centre like Maadena in Sudia Arabia.
17. Walter R. Lawrence, The Valley of Kashmir, p. 24.
18. T.T Chang, The Origin, Evolution and Breeding of Cultivated Plants p. 29; ‘where and when and by whom rice was domesticated, in this vast area from India to China, remains to be determined’, J R Harlan, article ‘The Origin of the Cereal Agriculture in the Old World’, Origin of Agriculture, ed. By Charles A. Reed, p. 371.
19. Randhawa, History of Agriculture in India, Vol. I. p. 271.
20. This fact is corroborated by no less an authority than Walter R. Lawrence who keenly observed Kashmiri society for seven years in the late nineteenth century. He writes that much can be done to save life by introducing the cultivation of potato, turnip and carrot. 17
21. T.T Chang, The Origin, Evolution and Breeding of Cultivated Plants p. 29; ‘where and when and by whom rice was domesticated, in this vast area from India to China, remains to be determined’, J R Harlan, article ‘The Origin of the Cereal Agriculture in the Old World’, Origin of Agriculture, ed. By Charles A. Reed, p. 371.
22. Cultivators were always keen to procure best seeds. Thus whenever they had a chance to visit some new place they enquired about crops and tried to get the seeds. In certain cases, as told to this research student by the respondents, they procured seeds from a far off pilgrimage centre like Maadena in Sudia Arabia.
23. Walter R. Lawrence, The Valley of Kashmir, p. 24.
24. T.T Chang, The Origin, Evolution and Breeding of Cultivated Plants p. 29; ‘where and when and by whom rice was domesticated, in this vast area from India to China, remains to be determined’, J R Harlan, article ‘The Origin of the Cereal Agriculture in the Old World’, Origin of Agriculture, ed. By Charles A. Reed, p. 371.
25. Cultivators were always keen to procure best seeds. Thus whenever they had a chance to visit some new place they enquired about crops and tried to get the seeds. In certain cases, as told to this research student by the respondents, they procured seeds from a far off pilgrimage centre like Maadena in Sudia Arabia.
26. Walter R. Lawrence, The Valley of Kashmir, p. 24.
27. Randhawa, History of Agriculture in India, Vol. I. p. 271.
28. This fact is corroborated by no less an authority than Walter R. Lawrence who keenly observed Kashmiri society for seven years in the late nineteenth century. He writes that much can be done to save life by introducing the cultivation of potato, turnip and carrot. 17
29. Randhawa, History of Agriculture in India, Vol. I. p. 271.
30. This fact is corroborated by no less an authority than Walter R. Lawrence who keenly observed Kashmiri society for seven years in the late nineteenth century. He writes that much can be done to save life by introducing the cultivation of potato, turnip and carrot. 17

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